Table 1 Clinical and CMR data of healthy subjects and patients with cardiomyopathies

Clinical and demographic data

 Age

30 ± 7

53 ± 18

58 ± 14

69 ± 12

 < 0.001

 Female gender; n (%)

8 (42%)

87 (41%)

16 (47%)

12 (40%)

NS

 Arterial hypertension

0 (0%)

93 (44%)

28 (82%)

19 (63%)

 < 0.001

 Hyperlipidemia

0 (0%)

70 (33%)

16 (47%)

14 (47%)

0.02

 Diabetes mellitus

0 (0%)

26 (12%)

8 (24%)

4 (13%)

NS

 Atrial fibrillation

0 (0%)

22 (10%)

3 (9%)

11 (37%)

 < 0.001

 Left bundle branch block

0 (0%)

20 (9%)

3 (9%)

0 (0%)

NS

 Body mass index (kg/m²)

23 ± 7

26 ± 5

29 ± 5

26 ± 3

0.01

 NYHA class

NA

2.1 ± 0.8

2.3 ± 0.7

2.7 ± 0.6

0.001

Baseline CMR data

 LVEF (%)

60.1 ± 5.2

48.0 ± 13.2

55.9 ± 9.1

47.6 ± 10.2

0.002

 LV End-diastolic volume (ml)

137 ± 27

190 ± 27

166 ± 41

175 ± 40

NS

 LV End-diastolic volume index (ml/m²)

76 ± 12

95 ± 34

81 ± 17

88 ± 20

 < 0.05

 LV End-systolic volume (ml)

54 ± 14

103 ± 72

73 ± 31

94 ± 35

 < 0.05

 LV End-systolic volume index (ml/m²)

30 ± 7

52 ± 34

36 ± 14

47 ± 18

 < 0.05

 LV Stroke volume (ml)

84 ± 15

86 ± 22

93 ± 23

82 ± 20

NS

 LV Stroke volume index (ml/m²)

47 ± 7

44 ± 10

46 ± 10

41 ± 10

NS

 Septal wall thickness (mm)

7.4 ± 1.7

9.5 ± 2.5

17.3 ± 6.1

16.0 ± 2.8

 < 0.001

 Infero-lateral wall thickness (mm)

5.2 ± 1.4

6.9 ± 1.8

8.9 ± 3.0

11.7 ± 3.6

 < 0.001

 LV mass (g)

75 ± 12

119 ± 39

160 ± 48

175 ± 51

 < 0.001

 LV mass index (g/m²)

42 ± 7

60 ± 17

78 ± 19

88 ± 24

 < 0.001

 MAPSE (mm)

13 ± 3

10 ± 3

9 ± 2

7 ± 3

 < 0.001

 RVEF (%)

57.7 ± 4.5

52.2 ± 10.1

58.1 ± 6.6

49.2 ± 12.3

0.001

 TAPSE (mm)

24 ± 6

21 ± 6

21 ± 6

17 ± 5

0.001

 Ascending aorta (mm)

22 ± 3

30 ± 6

33 ± 5

35 ± 4

 < 0.001

 Aortic arch (mm)

17 ± 2

23 ± 3

25 ± 4

26 ± 3

 < 0.001

 Descending aorta (mm)

17 ± 2

22 ± 3

24 ± 4

25 ± 4

 < 0.001

 Left atrial diameter (mm)

27 ± 4

37 ± 9

41 ± 9

43 ± 10

 < 0.001

 Left atrial area index (cm²/m²)

11 ± 2

14 ± 3

15 ± 6

16 ± 4

 < 0.001

 Pulmonary trunk diameter (mm)

22 ± 2

26 ± 4

26 ± 3

29 ± 4

 < 0.01

  Wall motion score index

1.0 ± 0.0

1.4 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.5

0.01

 %non-infarct related LGE segments

0

20 ± 19

22 ± 12

66 ± 43

 < 0.001

CMR global strain data

 LV global longitudinal strain (%)

− 21.3 ± 1.3

− 17.2 ± 3.8

− 15.4 ± 3.3

− 12.1 ± 4.1

 < 0.001

 LV global circumferential strain (%)

− 20.5 ± 1.1

− 17.2 ± 3.0

− 16.4 ± 2.0

− 14.0 ± 2.8

 < 0.001

 RV global longitudinal strain (%)

− 21.2 ± 1.1

− 18.8 ± 2.8

− 17.7 ± 2.8

− 14.8 ± 4.0

 < 0.001

 RV global circumferential strain (%)

− 19.2 ± 1.3

− 16.8 ± 3.0

− 15.7 ± 1.7

− 13.6 ± 3.4

 < 0.001