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Table 1 Baseline clinical and CMR characteristics for patients with and without occurrence of the primary outcome

From: Right ventricular insertion site fibrosis in a dilated cardiomyopathy referral population: phenotypic associations and value for the prediction of heart failure admission or death

Characteristics

Total cohort (N = 645)

Event− (N = 516)

Event+ (N = 129)

HR (95% CI)

p value

Age (years)

56 ± 14

55 ± 14

58 ± 15

1.02 (1.002–1.03)

0.03*

Female, n (%)

180 (28)

140 (27)

40 (31)

1.20 (0.83–1.74)

0.3

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

116 ± 18

117 ± 17

113 ± 20

0.99 (0.98–0.997)

0.01*

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

70 ± 13

71 ± 13

68 ± 13

0.99 (0.97–1.002)

0.09

Heart rate (bpm)

71 ± 16

70 ± 15

75 ± 17

1.02 (1.007–1.03)

0.001*

BMI (kg/m2)

29 ± 6

29 ± 6

30 ± 8

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

0.15

Hypertension, n (%)

228 (35)

173 (34)

55 (43)

1.41 (0.99–1.99)

0.06

Diabetes, n (%)

128 (20)

85 (17)

43 (33)

2.33 (1.62–3.37)

< 0.001*

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

343 (53)

259 (50)

84 (65)

1.74 (1.21–2.51)

0.003*

Smoking, n (%)

120 (20)

96 (20)

24 (21)

1.07 (0.68–1.67)

0.78

Creatinine (µmol/l)

95 ± 46

94 ± 49

100 ± 32

1.00 (0.999- 1.00)

0.16

NYHA class III or IV, n (%)

153 (26)

112 (24)

41 (37)

1.81 (1.23–2.66)

0.002*

Medications

 ACE-I or ARB, n (%)

524 (81)

407 (79)

117 (91)

2.41 (1.33–4.36)

0.004*

 Beta blocker, n (%)

530 (82)

413 (80)

117 (91)

2.20 (1.21–3.98)

0.009*

 Diuretics, n (%)

331 (51)

234 (45)

97 (75)

3.28 (2.2–4.90)

< 0.001*

 Digoxin, n (%)

56 (9)

38 (7)

18 (14)

1.9 (1.15–3.13)

0.01*

 Statin, n (%)

253 (39)

193 (37)

60 (47)

1.41 (0.999–1.997)

0.05

 CCB, n (%)

76 (12)

58 (11)

18 (14)

1.23 (0.75–2.02)

0.42

 Amiodarone, n (%)

31 (5)

19 (4)

12 (9)

2.13 (1.18–3.86)

0.01*

CMR-Non LGE variables

     

 LVEDVI (ml/m2)

113 ± 38

110 ± 36

126 ± 45

1.01 (1.005–1.01)

< 0.001*

 LVESVI (ml/m2)

74 ± 37

70 ± 34

89 ± 43

1.01 (1.006–1.01)

< 0.001*

 LVEF (%)

37 ± 11

38 ± 10

32 ± 12

0.95 (0.94–0.97)

< 0.001*

 LV mass index (g/m2)

70 ± 22

68 ± 20

78 ± 25

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

< 0.001*

 RVEDVI (ml/m2)

87 ± 25

87 ± 23

89 ± 31

1.003 (0.996–1.01)

0.36

 RVESVI (ml/m2)

49 ± 22

47 ± 19

54 ± 28

1.01 (1.01–1.02)

< 0.001*

 RVEF (%)

46 ± 12

47 ± 11

42 ± 13

0.97 (0.95–0.98)

< 0.001*

 LA volume index (ml/m2)

43 ± 18

42 ± 17

48 ± 20

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

< 0.001*

CMR-LGE variables

 RV insertion site

274 (42)

198 (38)

76 (59)

2.11 (1.48–2.99)

< 0.001*

 Mid-wall striae

167 (26)

112 (22)

55 (43)

2.33 (1.64–3.31)

< 0.001*

 Mid-wall patchy

10 (2)

8 (2)

2 (2)

1.01 (0.25–4.08)

0.99

 Sub-epicardial

54 (8)

45 (9)

9 (7)

0.82 (0.42–1.62)

0.57

 Diffuse

1 (0.2)

0 (0)

1(0.8)

–

–

 Any LGE

306 (47)

227 (44)

79 (61)

1.88 (1.32–2.68)

< 0.001*

  1. Univariable hazards provided. HR data were available for 644 patients, Smoking for 593 patients, creatinine for 493 patients, NYHA for 584 patients, LV mass index for 640 patients, RVEDVI for 643 patients, RVESVI and RVEF for 642 patients and LA max indexed for 635 patients
  2. EDVI End-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area, EF ejection fraction, ESVI end-systolic volume indexed to body surface area, LA left atrial, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, LV left ventricular, NYHA New York Heart Association, RV right ventricular
  3. Continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD, categorical data as n (%). *p < 0.05
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Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

ISSN: 1532-429X

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