Prognostic value of vasodilator stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance after inconclusive stress testing

Table 3 Multivariable Cox regression analysis for the prediction of adverse events

	MACE		Cardiovascular mortality
	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p value
Model 1^a
Age	1.05 (1.03–1.06)	< 0.001	1.07 (1.05–1.10)	< 0.001
Male	1.49 (1.07–2.07)	0.002	1.78 (1.17–2.68)	< 0.001
Hypertension	1.10 (0.97–1.28)	0.098	–	–
Diabetes	1.34 (0.97–1.81)	0.061	1.50 (1.05–2.16)	0.030
Dyslipidemia	1.32 (0.98–1.83)	0.050	1.40 (0.97–1.99)	0.073
Known CAD	1.17 (0.84–1.65)	0.354	1.27 (0.85–1.89)	0.238
LVEF	0.91 (0.80–1.03)	0.094	0.90 (0.78–1.02)	0.098
Presence of LGE	1.07 (0.77–1.48)	0.691	0.90 (0.80–1.02)	0.104
LV end-diastolic volume index	1.02 (0.92–1.20)	0.082	–	–
Ten-year risk for fatal CAD (modified SCORE project)	1.05 (0.84–2.17)	0.332	1.19 (0.90–2.43)	0.182
Model 2a^b
+ Presence of inducible ischemia	2.53 (1.89–3.40)	< 0.001	1.83 (1.29–2.60)	< 0.001
Model 2b^c
+ Number of ischemic segments	1.58 (1.47–1.71)	< 0.001	1.44 (1.32–1.57)	< 0.001
Model 2c^d
+ Presence of ischemia without revascularization	2.88 (1.82–4.56)	< 0.001	2.23 (1.30–3.85)	0.004
+ Presence of ischemia with revascularization	2.44 (1.79–3.34)	< 0.001	1.74 (1.20–2.52)	0.003

Bold empasis means that the P value has reached statistical significance, with 2-tailed P value < 0.05
CAD coronary artery disease, CI confidence interval, CMR cardiovascular magnetic resonance, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, MACE major adverse cardiac events, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
^aCovariates in the model 1 by stepwise variable selection with entry and exit criteria set at the p ≤ 0.1 level: (1) For MACE: age, male, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, known CAD, LVEF per 10%, LV end-diastolic volume index, modified SCORE project and the presence of LGE. (2) For CV mortality: age, male, diabetes, dyslipidemia, known CAD, LVEF per 10%, modified SCORE project and the presence of LGE
^bCovariates in the model 2a: model 1 with presence of ischemia
^cCovariates in the model 2b: model 1 with number of ischemic segments
^dCovariates in the model 2c: model 1 with presence of ischemia with or without CMR-related coronary revascularization. This variable was defined in three categories: presence of ischemia without CMR-related coronary revascularization, presence of ischemia with CMR-related coronary revascularization and absence of ischemia (reference for hazard ratio calculations)

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